Phlorizin – a naturally occurring compound found in the bark of apple, pear, cherry, and other fruit trees — works via the gut-brain axis to support memory, learning, neuron survival, and antioxidant activity.

Turmeric inhibits nitric oxide in microglial cells of the central nervous system, which could prove beneficial for preventing oxidative stress in the brain and associated cognitive disorders. 

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and lycopene, an antioxidant found in tomatoes, support cognitive function and decrease oxidative stress in aging rats  and fight senescence in rat brain cells.

NMN was safe and well-tolerated at 250 mg per day for 12 weeks, supporting mobility, lower limb physical performance, and daytime energy levels — especially when taken in the evening.