A new protein called the cryptochrome has been identified for its ability to repair DNA after UV radiation exposure, using blue light to repair the DNA before mutations occur. 

The hormone ghrelin tells us when we are hungry and stimulates appetite. Rats without ghrelin had impaired memory, which increased frequency of feeding because they did not remember when they last ate.

New research found that the level of confidence in decision-making is linked to how fast neurons in the temporal lobe fire their electrical pulses, which is the brain region responsible for memory processing.

The simple sugar N-acetylglucosamine repaired myelin in mice and correlated with myelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Demyelination in MS leads to chronic disability and neurodegeneration.