Microvascular endothelial dysfunction, a common early sign of heart disease, was linked to a twofold greater risk of solid-tumor cancer. Endothelial dysfunction damages the walls of the arteries in the heart.

High levels of free testosterone and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) were linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer. IGF-1 stimulates cell growth and testosterone plays a role in prostate function.

High-intensity interval training in older adults during a 12-week study led to a 30% improvement in memory, compared to those who did moderate intensity activity or just stretching.

Misfolded amyloid-B protein in the blood indicated a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease up to 14 years before diagnosis. Those with misfolding had a 23-fold increased odds of diagnosis within 14 years.