People with Major Depressive Disorder have accelerated internal aging by two years, suggesting that there is an underlying biological mechanism that advances cellular aging in depression.

Acute kidney injury is common with age, with low NAD+ levels being one cause. In mice, the NAD+ precursor NMN protects against age- and toxin-related acute kidney injury.

A lifestyle intervention program including diet, sleep, exercise, relaxation guidance, and probiotics reduced participants' biological age by over three years. 

In the first human trial of its kind, NMN improved several markers of glucose metabolism that are commonly dysregulated in people with obesity, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes.