A new compound, a peptide called Tat-P4-(C5)2, led to the complete relief of chronic pain in mice by affecting nerves directly without causing the lethargic side effects seen with other painkillers.

Previously thought to be 5 million years old, scientists have hypothesized that the origin of the human language pathway may be over 25 million years old, based on brain imaging scans of monkeys.

ApoE4, a gene associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, triggers leaks in the blood-brain barrier and causes inflammatory damage, often before amyloid plaques have appeared.

The monocyte cells Cxcl10+, in addition to T and B cells, cause the myelin sheath breakdown seen in multiple sclerosis. New treatment options could focus on deactivating Cxcl10+ monocytes.