Oxidative stress (excessive free radicals and inadequate antioxidants to neutralize them) links gum disease to kidney disease. A 10% increase in gum inflammation increases kidney failure risk by 32%.

In a study of over 52,000, those with brown fat were less likely to develop heart or metabolic-related conditions, including heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.

Cells that line blood vessels generate fat cells called fibro-inflammatory progenitors that promote inflammation, while the signaling molecule ZFP423 ameliorates this fat-related inflammation in mice. 

The MitoPunch transfers mitochondria and its DNA into over 100,000 mammalian cells simultaneously, allowing researchers to tailor specific genetic components and develop better disease treatments.