Differences in an astronaut’s bone response and recovery to microgravity are primarily explained by mission duration, and there may be therapeutic potential of NMN for bone regeneration in astronauts.

A summary of clinical studies from 2021 and 2022 show that NMN treatment impacts exercise capacity, sleep, and fatigue, and provide insight into safety and dosing strategies.

NMN supplementation boosts the NAD+ pool in the intestine and activates the signaling pathways related to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and barrier functions that support healthy intestinal aging.

The compound crocin—found in saffron—benefits learning, memory, and social interaction in stressed mice by regulating an enzyme that produces NMN, a precursor to the vital molecule NAD+.