Short protein fragments called peptides can protect neuronal cells in the retina of the eye, which may be used to treat degenerative eye diseases in the future, as they protects neurons from dying.

The regulation of folate metabolism underlies many signaling pathways related to aging. Reducing the activity of enzymes of folate metabolism in worms increased lifespan by up to 30 percent.

The pituitary gland in the brain is necessary for metabolism and hormones; chronic inflammation can affect its functioning and contribute to the onset of hormonal aging, like menopause.

Animals on a plant-based diet have protection against hypertension, even when the diet is also high in salt, with the gut microbiome being a key player in the response to unhealthy levels of salt.