Deficiencies in the amino acid taurine (found in high amounts in meat, dairy, and shellfish) can drive aging in animals, and supplementing with it increases lifespan and healthspan in mice.

In a study of over 3,500 adults over age 50, taking a daily multivitamin for three years led to significant improvements in memory, especially in people with cardiovascular conditions.

A new form of DHA was found to increase DHA levels in the retina of mice, aiding to ward off visual declines related to cognitive or metabolic disorders.

A diet high in flavanols—especially epicatechin, found in berries, cherries, and chocolate—improves memory and enhances the growth of neurons and blood vessels in the hippocampus.